Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

In addition to standard Design and production, its economics is also vital. Design and production organizations must pay special attention to the Design process's cost category, selecting materials and determining production methods continually. Flexibility, access to data and information from multiple materials and the possibility of examining production methods based on the material and dimensions Designed are the features of this research's results. Identifying and selecting suitable and accessible materials can be helpful in Design dimensions using pressure vessel Design formulas. The Design and its outputs can significantly affect the weight and price of materials, production method and cost. The actual Design, effects of permitted structures on material and production cost and the final total cost of a pressure vessel have been studied. The total cost values were compared and validated with target values compared with past research results. This method can be used as a general cost-based method for selecting suitable Designs to identify and produce other products considering strengths, reliability and safety factors.

This paper aims at the study and analysis of existing contributions related to issues in Biodiesel production. It discusses key issues and related contributions which include chemical processes, reactor Designing, plantation, blending and applications. It summarizes the analysis of other prominent contributions to process model, Design, production, cost, optimization, feasibility, safety, effects, challenges and future of Biodiesel production and also presents discussion on open issues. An approach based on the mathematical model is suggested for Design of Biodiesel manufacturing plant in view of cost and capacity. This paper can be a stimulant to the beginners in the domain of renewable energy research.

Models presented in inventory management, encompass varied parameters. Primary factor in classic models related to determination of the economical ordering quantity (EOQ) and the economical production quantity (EPQ), is to consider parameters like the setup cost, the holding cost and the demand rate, to be fixed. This characteristic leads to a great difference among the quantity of the economical ordering obtained in classic models and real-word conditions. For instance, It should be stated that not only the holding costs of spoiled and useless products are not always fixed, but also, they would be increased by passing time. This article is an attempt to develop classical EOQ and EPQ models by considering holding and purchasing cost as an increasing continuous function of the ordering cycle time. Due to the complexity of the considered problem, two meta-heuristic algorithms, including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) are developed. Optimizing service level is considered as one of main apprehension in management science, that’s why increasing service level optimization would be evaluated as the second objective. As the performance of meta-heuristic algorithms is significantly influenced by calibrating their parameters, Taguchi methodology has been used to tune the parameters of the developed algorithms.

Introduction: Application of inherently safety principle in the early phase of the Design process is very efficient, as this approach is an economic and high efficiency method. While a complete information is not available in the initial phases of the process, the use of valid index to evaluate inherently safety can be efficient. In this case, the best route to Design safer process can be selected by comparing the quantitative results.Material and Method: The comprehensive index to evaluate the inherently safety Design (ISD) and cost evaluation of the implementing inherently safety Design (ISDC) were studied using a three-step hierarchical matrix screening in this research. Utilizing the proposed inherently safety index, Acetic acid production process and cost resulting from ISD were evaluated. Dimensions of the Matrix for ISD and ISDC included: 1) quadrature inherently safety Design vector, 2) location vector of inherently safety Design and 3) quantity parameter vector of inherently safety Design.Result: In order to optimize the implementation of inherently safety Design and its cost, three hypotheses were used. From them, the idea of using two processes with half capacity and also using 50% Methanol were selected as a Design with the highest level of inherently safety and a Design with the lowest-cost process, respectively.Conclusion: In these evalustions the total score for the assumptions of the inherently safety index 1, 2 and 3, were 55, 70 and 135, respectively. And the total cost assumptions 1, 2 and 3, have been estimated 858, 000, 746, 000 and 803, 000 US dollars, respectively. Therefore, this tool could show the impact of various scenarios in inherently safety Design and also the contrast between the four principles of ISD and its impact on safety and cost factors can be analyzed using an alternative system supplier of methanol.

Supply chain management helps partners in the chain to justify internal costs. The pursuit of cost information through the supply chain is very important for controlling costs, which helps to establish and optimize activities in institutions in the value chain. In this research, we have tried to review the literature on Supply Chain costing in order to predict a model of management dashboard Design for supply chain cost estimation, focusing on quantitative models and prediction. For this purpose, after reviewing the supply chain cost literature and examining the scope and purpose of the dashboard Design, using the mathematical models and applying actual production and sales data in Tehran Province in the Zamzam Iran Company and Zamzam Tehran Company 22 data courses From March 2016 to December 2017, the subject of this study, the Design of the Supply Chain cost Chain (CHCDM) model and the use of specialized software to prepare reports in the field of business intelligence, predicted the cost estimation dashboard model Supply chain and analysis reports were sensitive. Findings of the research are the best way to predict the combination method and regression method.

Supply chain management helps partners in the chain to justify internal costs. The pursuit of cost information through the supply chain is very important for controlling costs, which helps to establish and optimize activities in institutions in the value chain. In this research, we have tried to review the literature on Supply Chain costing in order to predict a model of management dashboard Design for supply chain cost estimation, focusing on quantitative models and prediction. For this purpose, after reviewing the supply chain cost literature and examining the scope and purpose of the dashboard Design, using the mathematical models and applying actual production and sales data in Tehran Province in the Zamzam Iran Company and Zamzam Tehran Company 22 data courses From March 2016 to December 2017, the subject of this study, the Design of the Supply Chain cost Chain (CHCDM) model and the use of specialized software to prepare reports in the field of business intelligence, predicted the cost estimation dashboard model Supply chain and analysis reports were sensitive. Findings of the research are the best way to predict the combination method and regression method.